CMA Final Exam June 2025 - Dates (Out), Syllabus & Pattern, Question Paper

Corporate laws and compliance (CLC)-other corporate laws: Unit 01

• The securities and exchange board of India act, 1992-rules, regulations and guidelines issued there under clause 49 and SEBI (issue of capital and disclosure regulations), 2018
• The securities contracts (regulation) act, 1956

Corporate laws and compliance (CLC)-other corporate laws: Unit 02

• Competition-meaning, objectives, extent, and applicability
• Competition commission of India
• Areas affecting competition

Corporate laws and compliance (CLC)-other corporate laws: Unit 03

• Exports, imports and foreign funds under deferred payment, ECB route, loans and export remittance and import remittance

Corporate laws and compliance (CLC)-other corporate laws: Unit 04

• The banking regulation act, 1949
• The securitization and reconstruction of financial assets and enforcement of security interest act, 2002
• The prevention of money laundering act, 2002-role of cost accountants in anti-money laundering (AML) audits to check tax evasion and transfer of funds

Corporate laws and compliance (CLC)-other corporate laws: Unit 05

• The insurance act, 1938
• The insurance regulatory and development authority act, 1999

Corporate laws and compliance (CLC)-corporate governance: Unit 01

• Overview-issues and concepts
• Corporate governance practices/ codes in India
• corporate governance in family business
• Corporate governance in state-owned business-the MOU system

Corporate laws and compliance (CLC)-corporate governance: Unit 02

• National voluntary guidelines on social, environmental, and economic responsibilities of business
• Corporate social responsibility-nature of activities; evaluation of CSR projects
• E-governance

Strategic financial management (SFM)-investment decisions: Unit 01

• Estimation of project cash flow
• Relevant cost analysis for projects
• Project appraisal methods-DCF and non-DCF techniques
• Capital rationing
• Social cost benefit analysis

Strategic financial management (SFM)-investment decisions: Unit 02

• Investment decisions under uncertainties
• Effect of inflation on capital budgeting decisions
• Sensitivity analysis, certainty equivalent approach, decision tree analysis, standard deviation in capital budgeting, risk adjusted discount rate, options in capital budgeting

Strategic financial management (SFM)-investment decisions: Unit 03

• Lease financing-evaluation of lease vs buy options
• Break-even lease rental determination
• Cross border leasing, sale, and lease back

Strategic financial management (SFM)-financial markets and institutions: Unit 01

• Reserve Bank of India, commercial banks, NBFCs
• Insurance companies, pension funds

Strategic financial management (SFM)-financial markets and institutions: Unit 02

• Money market instruments-call money, treasury bills, commercial bills, commercial paper; certificate of deposits, repo, reverse repo and promissory notes, government securities, bonds, valuation of bonds, price yield relationship
• Hedge funds
• Mutual funds-computation of NAV and evaluation of mutual fund’s performance

Strategic financial management (SFM)-financial markets and institutions: Unit 03

• Primary and secondary markets and its instruments
• Optionally convertible debentures, deep discount bonds
• Rolling settlement, clearing house operations
• Dematerialization, re-materialization and depository system
• Initial public offering (IPO)/ follow on public offer (FPO); book building
• Insider trading
• Credit rating-credit rating agencies in India

Strategic financial management (SFM)-financial markets and institutions: Unit 04

• Regulatory structure, design of markets
• Issues in agricultural, non-agricultural markets, product design, spot price and present practices of commodities exchanges
• Intermediaries in the commodity exchanges and clearing house operations, risk management related issues
• Commodity options on futures and its mechanism

Strategic financial management (SFM)-security analysis and portfolio management: Unit 01

• Security analysis: Fundamental analysis, economic analysis, industry analysis, company analysis, technical analysis, momentum analysis, arguments and criticisms
• Market indicators, support and resistance level, patterns in stock price
• Statistic models: Moving averages, bollinger bands
• Theories on stock market movements: Dow Jones theory
• Portfolio management: Meaning, objectives and basic principles
• Portfolio management theories: Efficient market hypothesis, Markowitz model, random walk theory, CAPM, APT, sharpe index
• Portfolio management: Construction of a portfolio, computing the portfolio total risk, classification of risk into systematic and unsystematic, minimization of portfolio risk, monitoring the risk and return of a portfolio
• Portfolio analysis: Security and capital market line, beta, levered, and unlevered beta

Strategic financial management (SFM)-financial risk management: Unit 01

• Credit risk, liquidity risk, asset based risk , operational risk
• Foreign investment risk, market risk

Strategic financial management (SFM)-financial risk management: Unit 02

• Forward and futures: Meaning and difference between forwards and future, stock futures, hedging through futures and benefits of future market, components of future price, index based futures, margins in the derivatives market
• Options: Meaning, types of options (call and put), put call parity theory, determination of option premium, strategies in options market-spread, bull spread, bear spread, butterfly spread, combination, straddle, strangle, strips and straps
• Options: Strategies in options market-valuation of options using-option equivalent, stock equivalent, binomial tree approach, risk neutral and black-scholes model
• Swaps and swaptions: Meaning, types, features, benefits of swaps, interest rate swaps
• Interest rate derivatives: Meaning, interest rate caps, interest rate collars, forward rate agreements

Strategic financial management (SFM)-financial risk management: Unit 03

• Sources of foreign currency, debt route, depository receipts, American depository receipts (ADRs)-sponsored, unsponsored, global depository receipts (GDRs), warrants, foreign currency convertible bonds (FCCBs), Euro issues, Euro commercial paper
• Euro convertible bonds, note issuance facility, participating notes, foreign direct investment
• Foreign exchange market: Exchange rate determination-exchange rate forecasting-purchasing power parity-interest rate parity
• Exchange rate risk management: Forex hedging tools, exposure netting, currency forward, cross currency roll over, currency futures, options, money market hedge, asset-liability management
• Foreign investment analysis: International portfolio investment-international capital budgeting

Strategic cost management-decision making (SCMD)-cost management: Unit 01

• Developments in cost management: (i) Life cycle costing, (ii) target costing, (iii) Kaizen costing, (iv) value analysis and value engineering, (v) throughput costing, (vi) business process re-engineering, (vii) backflush accounting
• Developments in cost management: (viii) Lean accounting, (ix) socio economic costing
• Cost control and cost reduction: Basics, process, methods, and techniques of cost reduction programme

Strategic cost management-decision making (SCMD)-strategic cost management tools and techniques: Unit 01

• Marginal costing: Differential costing, CVP analysis, profit volume graphs, contribution approach
• Decisions involving alternative choices: Optimum utilization of resources, make or buy, evaluation of orders, multiple scarce resource problems, product sales pricing, etc
• Pricing decisions and strategies: New product pricing, use of costs in pricing, sensitivity analysis in pricing decisions, monopoly pricing vs. competitive pricing, bottom line pricing
• Costing of service sector: Methods, pricing, performance measurement
• Transfer pricing: Objectives, methods (cost based, market price based, negotiated pricing), advantages and disadvantages, criteria for setting transfer prices, transfer price in different situations
• Transfer pricing: Situations causing conflicts and resolving the conflicts
• Relevant cost analysis: Relevant cost, irrelevant costs-sunk or historical cost, committed cost, absorbed cost, situations where fixed costs become relevant for decision-making and its related implications
• Profitability analysis: Product wise/ segment wise/ customer wise

Strategic cost management-decision making (SCMD)-strategic cost management tools and techniques: Unit 02

• Variance analysis: Investigation of variances, planning and operating variances, controllable/ non-controllable variances, relevant cost approach to variance analysis; variance analysis under marginal costing and absorption costing; activity ratios
• Variance analysis: Application of budgetary control and standard costing in profit planning, standard costing vs budgetary control, reconciliation of actual profit with standard profit and /or budgeted profit
• Uniform costing and inter-firm comparison

Strategic cost management-decision making (SCMD)-strategic cost management tools and techniques: Unit 03

• Activity based cost management: Concept , purpose, benefits, stages, relevance in decision-making and its application in budgeting, responsibility accounting, traditional vs ABC system-comparative analysis
• JIT: introduction, benefits, use of JIT in measuring the performance
• ERP and its applications in strategic cost management
• Bench marking

Strategic cost management-decision making (SCMD)-strategic cost management tools and techniques: Unit 04

• TQM: Basics, stages, principles, control, corrective actions
• PRAISE: Steps, problems, implementation
• PARETO analysis
• Quality costs

Strategic cost management-decision making (SCMD)-strategic cost management tools-application of statistical techniques in business decision: Unit 01

• Learning curve
• Linear programming (formulation only)
• Assignment
• Transportation
• Simulation
• Network analysis-CPM/ PERT

Direct tax laws and international taxation (DTI)-advanced direct tax laws: Unit 01

• Individual including non-resident
• Company
• Trust
• Mutual association

Direct tax laws and international taxation (DTI)-advanced direct tax laws: Unit 02

• Return of income
• Assessment procedure
• Interest and fees
• Survey, search, and seizure
• Refund, demand, and recovery

Direct tax laws and international taxation (DTI)-advanced direct tax laws: Unit 03

• Appeal
• Rectification
• Revision
• Settlement commission
• Advance ruling

Direct tax laws and international taxation (DTI)-advanced direct tax laws: Unit 04

Direct tax laws and international taxation (DTI)-advanced direct tax laws: Unit 05

• Amalgamation
• Demerger
• Slump sale
• Conversion of sole proprietary business to company
• Conversion of firm into company
• Conversion of private limited company/ unlisted public company into LLP

Direct tax laws and international taxation (DTI)-advanced direct tax laws: Unit 06

Direct tax laws and international taxation (DTI)-advanced direct tax laws: Unit 07

Direct tax laws and international taxation (DTI)-advanced direct tax laws: Unit 08

Direct tax laws and international taxation (DTI)-advanced direct tax laws: Unit 09

Direct tax laws and international taxation (DTI)-advanced direct tax laws: Unit 10

• Introduction to black money act
• Highlights of black money act

Direct tax laws and international taxation (DTI)-international taxation: Unit 01

Direct tax laws and international taxation (DTI)-international taxation: Unit 02

• Transfer pricing including specified domestic transactions
• Application of generally accepted cost accounting principles and techniques for determination of arm’s length price
• Advance pricing agreement (APA): Concept and application
• Safe harbour rules and their capitalisation

Corporate financial reporting (CFR)-GAAP and accounting standards: Unit 01

• Generally accepted accounting principles in India
• Overview of accounting standards (AS)
• International financial reporting standards
• Overview of Ind AS

Corporate financial reporting (CFR)-accounting of business combinations and restructuring: Unit 01

• Relevant terms, types of merger, methods of accounting, treatment of goodwill arising on merger, purchase consideration and settlement
• Accounting in books of vendor/ transferor and transferee
• Accounting for investment in subsidiary
• Accounting for mergers/ acquisitions (including chain holdings, cross holdings, multiple holdings)
• Corporate financial restructuring, reconstruction schemes, de-merger, reverse merger
• Notes to accounts and related disclosures under amalgamation

Corporate financial reporting (CFR)-consolidated financial statements: Unit 01

• Concept of a group, purposes of consolidated financial statements, consolidation procedures, non-controlling interest, goodwill, treatment: Pre-acquisition profit and post-acquisition profit and concept of fair value at the time of acquisition
• Consolidation with two or more subsidiaries, consolidation with foreign subsidiary
• Consolidated income statement, balance sheet and cash flow statements for group of companies
• Impact on group financial statements at the point of acquisition
• Treatment of investment in associates in consolidated financial statements, compare and contrast acquisition and equity methods of accounting
• Treatment of investment in joint ventures in consolidated financial statements

Corporate financial reporting (CFR)-developments in financial reporting and other item of reporting: Unit 01

• Sustainability reporting, triple bottom line reporting
• Corporate social responsibility reporting (CSR reporting)
• Fair value measurement
• Integrated reporting (IR)
• Business responsibility reporting

Corporate financial reporting (CFR)-developments in financial reporting and other item of reporting: Unit 02

• Recognition and valuation of Financial Instruments (Ind AS)
• GST accounting
• NBFC: Provisioning norms and accounting
• Valuation of shares
• Valuation of goodwill

Corporate financial reporting (CFR)-developments in financial reporting and other item of reporting: Unit 03

Corporate financial reporting (CFR)-developments in financial reporting and other item of reporting: Unit 04

Corporate financial reporting (CFR)-government accounting in India: Unit 01

• General principles and comparison with commercial accounting
• Role of comptroller and auditor general of India
• Role of public accounts committee, review of accounts
• Government accounting standards issued by government accounting standards advisory board (GASAB)
• Government accounting and reporting

Indirect tax laws and practice (ITP)-advanced indirect tax and practice: Unit 01

• Introduction: (i) What is GST, (ii) need for GST in India-(a) cascading effect of tax, (b) non-integration of VAT and service tax causes double taxation, (c) no CENVAT credit after manufacturing stage to a dealer
• Introduction: (ii) Need for GST in India-(d) cascading of taxes on account of levy of CST inter-state purchases, (e) the existing indirect tax framework in India suffer from various duties and taxes at central as well as at state level
• Introduction: (ii) Need for GST in India-(f) non availment of seamless ITC, (g) tedious process of issuance and collection of CST forms and losses suffered due to them, (h) sharing of data between centre and states and various boards
• Introduction: (iii) One nation-one tax, (iv) dual GST model-(a) central goods and services tax act, 2017 (CGST), (b) state goods and services tax act, 2017 (SGST), (c) union territory goods and services tax act, 2017 (UTGST)
• Introduction: (iv) Dual GST model-(d) integrated goods and services tax act, 2017 (IGST)
• Introduction: (v) Methodology of flow of revenue between centre and states, goods and services tax network (GSTN)-(a) the functions of the GSTN (i.e. role assigned to GSTN), (b) constitution (101st amendment) act, 2016 GST council
• Introduction: (v) Methodology of flow of revenue between centre and states, goods and services tax network (GSTN)-(c) guiding principle of the GST council, (d) functions of the GST council, (e) body of GST law, (iv) definitions under CGST laws
• Levy and collection of tax: (i) Scope of supply (section 7 of CGST act, 2017), (ii) section 7(1)(a) all forms of supply of goods or services or both such as sale, transfer, barter, exchange, licence, rental
• Levy and collection of tax: (ii) Section 7(1)(a) all forms of supply of goods or services or both such as lease or disposal made or agreed to be made for a consideration by a person in the course or furtherance of business
• Levy and collection of tax: (iii) Section 7(1)(b), import of services for a consideration whether or not in the course or furtherance of business
• Levy and collection of tax: (iv) Section 7(1)(c), the activities specified in schedule I, made or agreed to be made without a consideration-(a) permanent transfer/ disposal of business assets, (b) supply between related persons or distinct persons
• Levy and collection of tax: (iv) Section 7(1)(c), the activities specified in schedule I, made or agreed to be made without a consideration-(c) supply to agents or by agents, (d) importation of Services
• Levy and collection of tax: (v) Section 7(1)(d) the activities to be treated as supply of goods or supply of services as referred to in schedule II-(a) undivided share in goods, (b) job work, (c) transfer of business assets
• Levy and collection of tax: (v) Section 7(1)(d) the activities to be treated as supply of goods or supply of services as referred to in schedule II-(d) renting of immovable property, (e) construction service, (f) information technology software
• Levy and collection of tax: (v) Section 7(1)(d) the activities to be treated as supply of goods or supply of services as referred to in schedule II-(g) agreeing to the obligation to refrain from an act or to tolerate an act or a situation, or to do an act
• Levy and collection of tax: (v) Section 7(1)(d) the activities to be treated as supply of goods or supply of services as referred to in schedule II-(h) transfer of the right to use any goods for any purpose, (i) composite supply
• Levy and collection of tax: (v) Section 7(1)(d) the activities to be treated as supply of goods or supply of services as referred to in schedule II-(j) supply of goods, by any unincorporated association or body of persons to a member thereof for cash
• Levy and collection of tax: (v) Section 7(1)(d) the activities to be treated as supply of goods or supply of services as referred to in schedule II-(j) deferred payment or other valuable consideration
• Levy and collection of tax: (vi) Non-taxable supplies under CGST act, 2017-(a) section 7(2) (a) activities or transactions specified in schedule III; (b) section 7(2)(b) such activities or transactions undertaken by the central government
• Levy and collection of tax: (vi) Non-taxable supplies under CGST act, 2017-(b) section 7(2)(b) such activities or transactions undertaken by the state government or any local authority in which they are engaged as public authorities
• Levy and collection of tax: (vi) Non-taxable supplies under CGST act, 2017-(b) section 7(2)(b) as may be notified by the government on the recommendations of the council
• Levy and collection of tax: (vii) Section 7(3) the transactions that are to be treated as-(a) a supply of goods and not as a supply of services; or, (b) a supply of services and not as a supply of goods
• Levy and collection of tax: (viii) Composite and mixed supplies (section 8 of CGST act, 2017)-(a) meaning of composite and mixed supplies, (b) composite supply, (c) mixed supply, (d) levy and collection
• Levy and collection of tax: (viii) Composite and mixed supplies (section 8 of CGST act, 2017)-(e) composition levy exemption from tax person liable to pay tax
• Levy and collection of tax: (ix) Forward charge, (x) reverse charge, (xi) person who are required to pay tax under section 9(5) of CGST act (i.e. electronic commerce operator), (xii) exempt supply, non taxable supply and non-GST supply
• Levy and collection of tax: (xiii) Rates of GST
• Classification of goods and services under-GST reading the rate schedule
• Time of supply under GST: Time of supply in case of goods, time of supply in case of services, time of supply in case of change in rate of tax
• Value of supply under GST
• Place of supply under GST: Need for determination of place of supply, place of supply in case of goods, place of supply in case of services, place of supply in case of online information database access and retrieval (OIDAR) services
• Input tax credit: Eligibility for taking input tax credit (ITC), blocked credits, method of reversal of credits, input tax credit in special circumstances, input tax credit in respect of goods sent for job-work
• Input tax credit: Distribution of credit by input service distributor (ISD), recovery of input tax credit
• Registration under GST law: Persons not liable for registration, compulsory registration, concept of distinct persons under GST, procedure for registration, deemed registration, casual taxable person, non-resident taxable person
• Registration under GST law: Cancellation vs revocation of registration
• Tax invoice, credit and debit notes and other documents under GST
• Accounts, other records under GST
• Payment of tax: Computation of tax liability and payment of tax, interest on delayed payment of tax
• TDS and TCS under GST: TDS (tax deducted at source), TCS (tax collected at source)
• Returns: Sample of proposed new returns under GST, GSTR 1, GSTR 3B
• Matching concept under GST: What is matching?, GSTR 2A
• Exports, imports and refunds under GST: Export of goods and services, import of goods and services, zero rated supply, deemed export, refunds in case of exports, refunds in case of inverted duty structure, cash ledger refunds
• Assessments, inspection, search, and seizure
• Audit under GST: Audit by revenue authorities, audit by professionals
• The goods and services tax (compensation to states) act, 2017
• Advance concepts under GST: Introduction, demand and recovery, offence, and penalties, appeals and revision, advance ruling, miscellaneous provisions
• Job work under GST: Definitions, procedure of job work
• E-waybills under GST
• Transitional provisions
• Anti-profiteering
• Replying to department notices under GST-sample cases
• Operation of GST portal-a walkthrough

Indirect tax laws and practice (ITP)-advanced indirect tax and practice: Unit 02

• Basic concepts: Introduction, definitions, circumstances of levy, circumstance under which no duty will be levied, tax planning vs tax management, remission/ abatement of duty-pilfered goods, damaged or deteriorated goods, lost or destroyed goods
• Basic concepts: remission/ abatement of duty-derelict, flotsam, etc, denatured or mutilated goods, re-imported goods
• Classification under customs: Customs tariff act, 1975, general rules for the interpretation of import tariff
• Types of duties: Introduction, types of duties, when can provisional measures are imposed, refund of anti-dumping duty, project imports and eligible projects
• Valuation under customs: Introduction, valuation of imported goods: Transaction value, related persons, valuation in case goods are sold to related persons, adjustments for costs and services for valuation of imported goods
• Valuation under customs: Meaning of identical goods, similar goods, transaction value of identical goods and similar goods, deductive value, computed value and residual method of valuation, valuation of export goods
• Import and export procedures: Import procedures, export procedures, deemed exports, stores, transit and transhipment of goods, high seas sales
• Warehousing: Licensing of public warehouses, private warehouses and special warehouses, warehousing bond, warehousing period, control over warehoused goods, owner’s right to deal with warehoused goods, manufacture in warehouse
• Warehousing: Removal of goods from warehouse, improper removal of goods from warehouse
• Duty drawback: Duty drawback allowable on re-export of duty paid goods, re-export of imported goods (drawback of customs duties) rules, 1995, duty drawback on imported materials used in the manufacture of goods which are exported
• Duty drawback: Customs and central excise duties drawback rules, 2017, interest on drawback and prohibition or regulation of duty drawback, certification
• Baggage and postal articles: Introduction, baggage, postal articles, import of samples, baggage rules, 2016
• Administrative and other aspects: Introduction, appointment of officers of customs, appointment of customs ports, airports, etc, first and second appraisement system, self-assessment of customs duty, refund of customs duty, risk management system
• Administrative and other aspects: Penalties under customs, offences and prosecutions under customs, integrated declaration under Indian customs single window project
• Customs (import of goods at concessional rate of duty) rules, 2017
• Search, seizure, confiscation, and miscellaneous provisions: Search of persons, premises, and conveyances, seizure of goods, documents and things, confiscation of goods, conveyances and penalty on improper, importation and exportation
• Search, seizure, confiscation, and miscellaneous provisions: Burden of proof and redemption fine, other miscellaneous provisions
• Comprehensive issues under customs (including case studies): Introduction, adjudicating authority, offences, appeals under customs, authority for advance ruling

Indirect tax laws and practice (ITP)-advanced indirect tax and practice: Unit 03

• Basic concepts of foreign trade policy
• FTP-objectives, administration, and legal framework
• FTP-certain definitions
• General provisions regarding imports and exports
• Export promotion schemes: Merchandise exports from India scheme (MEIS), service exports from India scheme (SEIS), advance authorization scheme, duty free import authorization (DFIA) scheme, export promotion capital goods scheme (EPCG)
• Export promotion schemes: EOU, EHTP, STP, and BTP schemes, deemed exports
• Special economic zone scheme (with amended SEZ rules)

Indirect tax laws and practice (ITP)-tax practice and procedures: Unit 01

Cost and management audit (CMAD)-cost audit: Unit 01

Cost and management audit (CMAD)-cost audit: Unit 02

Cost and management audit (CMAD)-cost audit: Unit 03

Cost and management audit (CMAD)-cost audit: Unit 04

Cost and management audit (CMAD)-cost audit: Unit 05

Cost and management audit (CMAD)-cost audit: Unit 06

Cost and management audit (CMAD)-management audit: Unit 01

Cost and management audit (CMAD)-management audit: Unit 02

Cost and management audit (CMAD)-management audit: Unit 03

Cost and management audit (CMAD)-management audit: Unit 04

Cost and management audit (CMAD)-management audit: Unit 05

Cost and management audit (CMAD)-internal audit, operational audit and other related issues: Unit 01

Cost and management audit (CMAD)-internal audit, operational audit and other related issues: Unit 02

Cost and management audit (CMAD)-internal audit, operational audit and other related issues: Unit 03

Cost and management audit (CMAD)-internal audit, operational audit and other related issues: Unit 04

Cost and management audit (CMAD)-case study on performance analysis: Unit 01

• Application of ratios for assessment of performance
• Waste multiplier
• Utilities consumption i.e., power, fuel, etc
• Capacity determination and utilization
• Value addition
• Inventory valuation
• Abnormal events such as strike, lock-out and other factors
• Profitability analysis
• Reconciliations of financial and cost records i.e., profit, taxation

Strategic performance management and business valuation (SPBV)-strategic performance management: Unit 01

• Performance management-concept, components
• Performance, productivity, and efficiency
• Financial performance analysis
• Supply chain management (SCM)
• Customer relationship management (CRM) and customer profitability analysis

Strategic performance management and business valuation (SPBV)-strategic performance management: Unit 02

• Balanced scorecard
• Du-pont analysis
• Benchmarking and bench trending
• Six sigma
• Statistical quality control (SQC)
• Plan-do-check-action (PDCA)
• Management information system
• Online analytical processing tools
• Tools to improve productivity and profitability-MRP I, MRP II, and ERP
• Total productivity management
• Total quality management

Strategic performance management and business valuation (SPBV)-strategic performance management: Unit 03

• Profit-maximization under different market structure
• Market factors affecting Pricing decisions

Strategic performance management and business valuation (SPBV)-strategic performance management: Unit 04

• Risk management: (i) Risk management-introduction and objectives, (ii) risk measurement-pooling, diversification, total loss distribution, ruin probability, (iii) risk analysis-risk mapping and risk indicators
• Corporate risk management: (i) Enterprise risk management, (ii) risk retention or reduction, (iii) value at risk (VAR), (iv) introduction to capital adequacy norms in banking industry
• Corporate failure: (i) Corporate distress analysis-causes, (ii) corporate distress prediction models: Edward Altman's model, NCAER models

Strategic performance management and business valuation (SPBV)-business valuation: Unit 01

• Meaning of value, valuation and business valuation
• Principles of valuation, valuation bias, types of values
• Role of business valuation in corporate finance and business acquisitions

Strategic performance management and business valuation (SPBV)-business valuation: Unit 02

• Non-discounted cash flow method-accounting based, earnings based, cash flow based
• Discounted cash flow method
• Other methods of valuation

Strategic performance management and business valuation (SPBV)-business valuation: Unit 03

• Valuation of inventory
• Valuation of investments-bonds and shares
• Valuation of intangibles-copyrights, goodwill, brand
• Valuation of human resources
• Value added, economic value added, market value added
• Valuation of liabilities

Strategic performance management and business valuation (SPBV)-business valuation: Unit 04

• Meaning of business mergers and acquisitions and types
• Application of valuation models for business mergers and acquisitions
• Determination of exchange ratio(SWAP)or purchase consideration
• Synergistic benefits and distribution of synergy gains
• Recognition of interest of various stakeholders
• Selection of appropriate cost of capital for valuation
• Impact of merger on value of share