CMA Foundation Question Paper June 2025

Budget analysis, in a nutshell, entails thoroughly analyzing the details of a financial budget. The budget analysis aims to better understand and manage revenue. Budget analysts assist in the achievement of financial targets, the preservation of profitability, and the pursuit of long-term growth for a business. Budget analysts generally have a bachelor's degree in accounting, finance, economics, or a closely related field. Knowledge of Financial Management is of prime importance in this career.

The invention of the database has given fresh breath to the people involved in the data analytics career path. Analysis refers to splitting up a whole into its individual components for individual analysis. Data analysis is a method through which raw data are processed and transformed into information that would be beneficial for user strategic thinking.

Data are collected and examined to respond to questions, evaluate hypotheses or contradict theories. It is a tool for analyzing, transforming, modeling, and arranging data with useful knowledge, to assist in decision-making and methods, encompassing various strategies, and is used in different fields of business, research, and social science.

An underwriter evaluates insurance, loan, or investment applications to assess risk and decide on approval terms. They analyse data, set premiums or terms, and ensure policies align with regulations. Key skills include analytical thinking, attention to detail, and communication. Underwriters help financial institutions manage risk and maintain profitability by making informed decisions on which risks to accept.

An Operations Manager ensures smooth business operations by overseeing departments like HR, finance, and supply chain. They implement processes, manage teams, maintain quality, ensure compliance, and plan strategically. Strong leadership, communication, and business knowledge are essential. Typically, they hold a degree in business or an MBA, playing a vital role in improving organisational efficiency and performance.

A Finance Executive manages a company’s financial operations, including monitoring income, expenses, and preparing financial reports. They develop strategies to improve profits and reduce costs, ensuring financial stability. The role demands strong accounting and analytical skills, attention to detail, and the ability to meet deadlines, making it ideal for proactive individuals with a solid finance background.

A Product Manager drives a product’s success by planning strategy, analysing markets, and collaborating across teams. They focus on user needs, guide development, and monitor performance. With tech advancements like generative AI, PMs now enhance innovation and decision-making. Adaptability and continuous learning are key in this evolving, high-impact career.

An Account Manager plays a key role in bridging the gap between a company and its clients, ensuring smooth communication and fostering long-term partnerships. They are responsible for managing and nurturing client relationships, understanding their needs, and crafting tailored strategies to achieve mutual goals. Account Managers also gather and analyse client feedback to drive service improvements, while promptly addressing and resolving any issues that arise.

A Bank Probationary Officer (PO) is an entry-level managerial role in the banking sector, involving responsibilities like handling customer queries, managing loans, overseeing cash flow, and supervising clerical staff. The role requires formal attire and offers opportunities for promotion to higher positions. After probation, the officer may specialise in areas like credit or risk management.